/ Report Details / Global Thermoelectric Module (TEM) market by technology (single-stage & Multistage)
Global Thermoelectric Module (TEM) market by technology (single-stage & Multistage), by type (Bulk, micro, and thin-film modules), by end-user applications (consumer electronics, industry, telecommunications, automotive, aerospace & defense, and Medical & Laboratories), by regions ( North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Middle East & Africa)
REPORT HIGHLIGHT
From US$ 593 Mn in 2019, the worldwide thermoelectric module market is expected to reach US$ 872 Mn by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 8 percent over the forecast period. The potential of thermoelectric modules to improve overall vehicle efficiency is a major driver of the global thermoelectric module industry.
A thermoelectric module, also known as a Peltier cooler, is a semiconductor-based electrical device that acts as a tiny heat pump, transferring heat from one side to the other. Temperature differentials produced by thermoelectric modules can rapidly cool or warm an item. TEMs are made up of highly doped semiconductor components with electric carriers. These components are organized in arrays that are thermally and electrically linked in series and parallel.
MARKET DYNAMICS
The advantages of thermoelectric modules over traditional frameworks include simultaneous cooling and heating of TEMs to meet the needs of various applications. TEMs are more compact, need less maintenance, have lower vibration and noise levels, and offer more accurate temperature control than vapor-compression cooling systems. The growth of the electric vehicle market and the focus of governments and service and product providers on using environmentally friendly power sources are expected to propel the TEM industry forward. Besides that, basic freedoms in this domain include the development of modules for new application fields and the concept of converting body heat into electricity.
TEMs are widely used in consumer hardware, such as handy food/drink compartments, chilled water allocators, lager/wine cabinets, small coolers, forced air systems, and other applications. Because traditional cooling frameworks are not feasible in these applications, TEMs must provide cooling and temperature control. The growing interest is expected to be fuelled by advancements in the realm of buyer hardware. The purpose of utilization allocators has emerged as corporate and private space assistance due to the rising ecological issues associated with filtered water. The growing need for large-scale measured T.E. frameworks for specific applications is expected to provide the market with many leeways shortly.
TEMs have a key drawback in that they are inefficient. The current going through the module generates a substantial quantity of heat, which contributes to the overall heat produced in the application. It causes excessive heat in large-scale applications, which may be mitigated by adding more fans. However, this consumes a lot of power, making it prohibitively expensive to employ in large-scale applications. Design difficulties are connected with TEMs since they are utilized for many automotive and consumer electronics applications. For example, the optimum material coefficient of TEC is not high enough to provide the same cooling efficiency of mechanical compression refrigeration, which limits the growth of TEMs.
MARKET SEGMENTATION
TECHNOLOGY TAKEAWAY
The market has been segmented into single-stage and multistage. The single-stage category now dominates the worldwide TEM market, and this dominance is projected to continue during the forecast period. Short reaction time in single-stage TEMs is a major factor for its high demand. Multistage coolers outperform single-stage coolers in terms of cooling while preserving solid-state advantages. They are capable of more heat pumping than single-stage TEMs. Companies are concentrating on creating high-capacity multistage thermoelectric modules for a variety of specialized applications.
TYPE TAKEAWAY
Bulk, micro, and thin-filmed thermoelectric modules are major types available in the industry. Telecommunications and automotive applications are driving the strongest growth in micro TEMs. Micro modules are in high demand due to the rapid implementation of 5G connectivity. Micro thermoelectric modules are used in automobiles to cool different sensors that provide driving assistance. Companies currently focus on creating thin-film modules for specialized applications where temperature must be controlled in extremely small devices with space restrictions.
END-USER APPLICATION TAKEAWAY
Major applications are in consumer electronics, industry, telecommunications, automotive, aerospace & defense, and Medical & Laboratories. Small refrigerators, air conditioners, chilled water dispensers, portable food or beverage containers, and other consumer electronics products use TEMs. Consumer electronics market growth is linked to reasons like rising living standards, development in the food and beverage industry, and rising per capita income, all of which influence overall TEM market growth. The market for TEMs used in automotive applications is anticipated to develop at the fastest rate during the projection period. As the need for electric cars grows, thermoelectric modules are being used to cool and heat batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles because they provide a very sensitive temperature management system.
REGIONAL TAKEAWAYS
Major regions for the global TEM market are North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, and Middle East & Africa. The APAC market is projected to be the least affected by the pandemic, with China being the first to show signs of recovery in late 2020. The automotive sector is projected to play a key role in the growth of the thermoelectric modules market in the area, thanks to large-scale production, particularly in China, and considerable investments in new vehicle technologies such as electric vehicles, LiDAR, and autonomous vehicles. South Korea, like China, is rapidly embracing 5G technology and deploying telecoms infrastructure. The need for micro thermoelectric modules in telecommunications is projected to increase as a result of this.
COVID-19 IMPACT
The COVID-19 pandemic will have a varying impact on thermoelectric modules application markets. Industries such as aerospace and automotive have been affected severely due to demand and supply disruptions. At first, consumer electronics has also seen a drop in sales, but it is anticipated to rebound by 2021. COVID-19 has had a minor impact on the telecommunications and medical sectors since distant communications, medicine/vaccine storage and distribution, and pharmaceutical research have become essential operations in the wake of the pandemic.
With the introduction of COVID-19 and the resulting transportation and distribution of vaccines, TEMs are likely to be used more often in portable vaccine refrigerators. The deterioration of vaccines owing to inappropriate storage temperatures is one of the most significant obstacles to efficient immunization campaigns in rural regions. Active thermoelectric cooling may be a viable option because the coolers are compact and need few or no moving components. As compared to traditional vapor-compression refrigeration, thermoelectric coolers have many advantages, including fewer moving parts that may require maintenance, no risk of refrigerant leakage, and a lighter, more compact size, which is now a critical factor in the transportation of large quantities of vaccines.
KEY PLAYERS
Major vendors in the TEM market include Ferrotec, KELK, Laird Thermal Systems, T.E. Technology, Phononic, INHECO Industrial Heating & Cooling, TEC Microsystems, Guangdong Fuxin Technology Crystal, Kryotherm, Z-Max, Kyocera Corporation, Align Sourcing, Xiamen HIcool Electronics, and HiTECH Technologies.
Acquisition and product launch are some of the major trends observed in this industry. Ferrotec (U.S.) announced the acquisition of RMT (Russia), a micro-thermoelectric module producer, in October 2020. RMT's expertise in micro-modules will enable the firm to expand its product line and achieve even greater success. Laird Thermal Systems introduced Hi-Temp ETX thermoelectric coolers in August 2020 for active cooling for autonomous systems, machine vision, digital light processors, and optical transceivers in high-temperature settings.
The market size and forecast for each segment and sub-segments has been considered as below:
- Historical Year – 2016 to 2019
- Base Year – 2020
- Projected Year – 2021 to 2027
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:
GLOBAL THERMOELECTRIC MODUELMARKET KEY PLAYERS
- Ferrotec
- KELK
- Laird Thermal Systems
- Guangdong Fuxin Technology
- E. Technology
- Phononic
- INHECO Industrial Heating & Cooling
- TEC Microsystems
- Crystal
- Kryotherm
- Z-Max
- Kyocera Corporation
- Align Sourcing
- HiTECH Technologies
- Xiamen HIcool Electronics
GLOBAL THERMOELECTRIC MODUELMARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
- Single Stage cooling
- Multistage cooling
GLOBAL THERMOELECTRIC MODUELMARKET, BY TYPE
- Bulk Module
- Micro Module
- Thin-film modules
GLOBAL THERMOELECTRIC MODUELMARKET, BY END-USER INDUSTRY
- consumer electronics
- Industrial
- Telecommunications
- Automotive
- Aerospace & defense
- Medical & Laboratories
GLOBAL THERMOELECTRIC MODUELMARKET, BY REGION
- North America
- The U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- United Kingdom
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- India
- China
- South Korea
- Japan
- Rest of APAC
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Rest of LATAM
- The Middle East and Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- Rest of MEA
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1. Study Scope
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1. Market Snippet
2.1.1. Market Snippet by technology
2.1.2. Market Snippet by type
2.1.3. Market Snippet by end-user Application
2.1.4. Market Snippet by Region
2.2. Competitive Insights
3. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE KEY MARKET TRENDS
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
3.2. Market Restraints
3.2.1. Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
3.3. Market Opportunities
3.4. Market Future Trends
4. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE APPLICATION STUDY
4.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.2. Marketing Strategy Analysis
4.3. Growth Prospect Mapping
4.4. Regulatory Framework Analysis
5. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET: COVID-19 IMPACT ANALYSIS
5.1. Pre-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5.2. Post-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5.2.1. Top Performing Segments
5.2.2. Marginal Growth Segments
5.2.3. Top Looser Segments
5.2.4. Marginal Loss Segments
6. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET LANDSCAPE
6.1. Market Share Analysis, 2019
6.2. Key Innovators Analysis
6.3. Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
6.3.1. Established Players’ Analysis
6.3.2. Emerging Players’ Analysis
7. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET – BY TECHNOLOGY
7.1. Overview
7.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Sensing Technology, 2020 & 2027 (%)
7.2. Single Stage Modules
7.2.1. Overview
7.2.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
7.3. Multi-stage module
7.3.1. Overview
7.3.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion
8. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET – BY TYPE
8.1. Overview
8.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Type, 2020 & 2027 (%)
8.2. Bulk Modules
8.2.1. Overview
8.2.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
8.3. Micro Modules
8.3.1. Overview
8.3.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
8.4. Thin-filmed Modules
8.4.1. Overview
8.4.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET – BY END USER APPLICATION
9.1. Overview
9.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Sensing Technology, 2020 & 2027 (%)
9.2. Consumer electronics
9.2.1. Overview
9.2.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9.3. Industry
9.3.1. Overview
9.3.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9.4. Telecommunications
9.4.1. Overview
9.4.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9.5. Automotive
9.5.1. Overview
9.5.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9.6. Aerospace & Defense
9.6.1. Overview
9.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
9.7. Medical & Laboratories
9.7.1. Overview
9.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10. THERMOELECTRIC MODULE MARKET– BY GEOGRAPHY
10.1. Introduction
10.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2020 & 2027 (%)
10.2. North America
10.2.1. Overview
10.2.2. Key Manufacturers in North America
10.2.3. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.2.4. North America Market Size and Forecast, By technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.2.5. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.2.6. North America Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.2.7. U.S.
10.2.7.1. Overview
10.2.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.2.7.3. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.2.7.4. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.2.7.5. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.2.8. Canada
10.2.8.1. Overview
10.2.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.2.8.3. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.2.8.4. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.2.8.5. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3. Europe
10.3.1. Overview
10.3.2. Key Manufacturers in Europe
10.3.3. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.4. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.5. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.6. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.7. Germany
10.3.7.1. Overview
10.3.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.3.7.3. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.7.4. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.7.5. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.8. Italy
10.3.8.1. Overview
10.3.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.3.8.3. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.8.4. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.8.5. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.9. United Kingdom
10.3.9.1. Overview
10.3.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.3.9.3. U.K. Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.9.4. U.K. Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.9.5. U.K. Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.10. France
10.3.10.1. Overview
10.3.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.3.10.3. France Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.10.4. France Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.10.5. France Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.11. Rest of Europe
10.3.11.1. Overview
10.3.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.3.11.3. Rest of Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.3.11.4. Rest of Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.3.11.5. Rest of Europe Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4. Asia Pacific
10.4.1. Overview
10.4.2. Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
10.4.3. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.4. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.5. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.6. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.7. India
10.4.7.1. Overview
10.4.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.4.7.3. India Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.7.4. India Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.7.5. India Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.8. China
10.4.8.1. Overview
10.4.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.4.8.3. China Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.8.4. China Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.8.5. China Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.9. Japan
10.4.9.1. Overview
10.4.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.4.9.3. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.9.4. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.9.5. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US billion)
10.4.10. Rest of APAC
10.4.10.1. Overview
10.4.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.4.10.3. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.4.10.4. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.4.10.5. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5. Latin America
10.5.1. Overview
10.5.2. Key Manufacturers in Latin America
10.5.3. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.4. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.5. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.6. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.7. Brazil
10.5.7.1. Overview
10.5.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.5.7.3. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.7.4. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.7.5. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.8. Mexico
10.5.8.1. Overview
10.5.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.5.8.3. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.8.4. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.8.5. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.9. Argentina
10.5.9.1. Overview
10.5.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.5.9.3. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.9.4. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.9.5. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.10. Rest of LATAM
10.5.10.1. Overview
10.5.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.5.10.3. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.5.10.4. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.5.10.5. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6. Middle East and Africa
10.6.1. Overview
10.6.2. Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
10.6.3. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.4. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.5. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.6. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.7. Saudi Arabia
10.6.7.1. Overview
10.6.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.6.7.3. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.7.4. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6.7.5. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6.8. United Arab Emirates
10.6.8.1. Overview
10.6.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.6.8.3. U.A.E. Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.8.4. U.A.E. Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6.8.5. U.A.E. Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6.9. Rest of MEA
10.6.9.1. Overview
10.6.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2016 - 2027, (US$ Billion)
10.6.9.3. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Technology, 2016 - 2027 (US$ Billion)
10.6.9.4. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Type, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
10.6.9.5. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By End-user Application, 2016 - 2027 (US Billion)
11. KEY VENDOR ANALYSIS
11.1. Competitive Dashboard
11.2. Company Profiles
11.2.1. Ferrotec
11.2.1.1. Company Overview
11.2.1.2. Financial Performance
11.2.1.3. Product Benchmarking
11.2.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
11.2.2. KELK
11.2.3. Laird Thermal Systems
11.2.4. Guangdong Fuxin Technology
11.2.5. TE Technology
11.2.6. Phononic
11.2.7. INHECO Industrial Heating & Cooling
11.2.8. TEC Microsystems
11.2.9. Crystal
11.2.10. Kryotherm
11.2.11. Z-Max
11.2.12. Kyocera Corporation
11.2.13. Align Sourcing
11.2.14. HiTECH Technologies
11.2.15. Xiamen HIcool Electronics
12. 360 DEGREE VIEW
13. APPENDIX
13.1. Research Methodology
13.2. References
13.3. Abbreviations
13.4. Disclaimer
13.5. Contact Us
