Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market, By Product Type (Starch, Sugars, and Lignocellulosic Biomass), By Application (Surgery Sutures, Heart Valve Structures and Surgical Mesh), By Country, and By Region - Industry Analysis, Market Size, Market Share & Forecast from 2023-2030
REPORT HIGHLIGHT
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market size was valued at USD 12.2 Million in 2022, expanding at a CAGR of 18.5% from 2023 to 2030.
An alternative to conventional polypropylene, which comes from fossil fuels, is called \"bio-based polypropylene\", which is a kind of polypropylene polymer created from sustainable biological resources like plants or other biomass. Usually, polypropylene is extracted or synthesized from biomass sources such as corn, sugarcane, or other plant components to produce bio-based polypropylene.
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market- Market Dynamics
- Growing product launch drives market expansion
The increasing product launch is expected to propel the market growth during the forecast period. For instance, in July 2023, VersaflexTM HC BIO thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), Avient Corporation\'s newest bio-derived healthcare product, is now available. The original Versaflex HC BIO BT218 grade was created as a more environmentally friendly substitute for biopharmaceutical tubing. It is made with around 40% first-generation biomass content, which leaves a smaller carbon footprint than other options.
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market- Key Insights
- As per the analysis shared by our research analyst, the global Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices market is estimated to grow annually at a CAGR of around 18.5% over the forecast period (2023-2030)
- The Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices industry is projected to grow at a significant rate due to the growing sustainability initiatives
- Based on product type segmentation, the Lignocellulosic Biomass segment is expected to capture a substantial revenue share during the forecast period
- Based on application segmentation, the Heart Valve Structures segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period
- Based on region, the Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market- Segmentation Analysis:
The Global Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market is segmented based on Product Type, Application, and Region.
Based on the product type, the market is bifurcated into Starch, Sugars, Lignocellulosic Biomass and Others. The Lignocellulosic Biomass segment is expected to capture a substantial revenue share during the forecast period. Dry plant materials, or lignocellulosic materials, are widely distributed in the natural world. Its strength comes from the combination of an aromatic polymer and carbohydrate polymers. One of the key materials utilized in the manufacture of bioproducts, bioethanol, electricity, and heat is lignocellulosic material. A blend of cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, and tannins constitutes lignocellulosic material.
Based on the application, the industry is segmented into Surgery Sutures, Heart Valve Structures, Surgical Mesh and Others. The Heart Valve Structures segment is expected to hold the largest market share during the forecast period. Globally, the cardiac sector of the medical business is seeing a surge in demand for technical breakthroughs due to the rising prevalence of heart disorders and cardiac arrest deaths. During the forecast period, this is expected to increase demand for the bio-based polypropylene heart valve structures field.
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market- Geographical Insights
Geographically, this market is widespread in the regions of North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa. These regions are further divided as per the nations bringing business. The Asia Pacific is expected to dominate the market during the forecast period. The demand for bio-based polypropylene in medical devices is expected to grow during the projected period due to factors such as an ageing population, increased healthcare expenditures, and technological advancements in emerging nations like China and India. According to the World Health Organization, China had 254 million older adults (60 years of age or older) and 176 million older adults (65 years of age or older) by 2019. 402 million individuals, or 28% of the population, are predicted to be over 60 by 2040. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) of the Government of India released the country\'s 2022–2023 budget, which includes a medical expenditure of USD 10.49 billion (Rs. 862 billion). Furthermore, the need for the use of bioplastics in medical applications has increased due to technological advancements in countries like China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. This is expected to drive the market growth in the region.
Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market- Competitive Landscape:
The key players in the Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices market have adopted various strategies such as product launches, acquisitions, partnerships and others to capture a strong share of the industry. Some of the prominent players are Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., SABIC, Borealis AG, LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V., Braskem, Total S.A., Danimer Scientific, FKuR Kunststoff GmbH, GREENMANTRA and Avient Corporation among others.
Recent Developments:
- In January 2023, the biggest manufacturer of polyolefins in the Americas, Braskem is also a leader in the worldwide biopolymer industry and the first company to develop biopolymers on an industrial scale. Recently, the company announced an assessment of an investment in the production of carbon negative bio-based polypropylene (PP) in the United States. The project would turn bioethanol into physically separated bio-based polypropylene using Braskem\'s tried-and-true, in-house technology. For this endeavor, Braskem is looking into joint venture possibilities with several customers, suppliers, and brand owners.
SCOPE OF THE REPORT
The scope of this report covers the market by its major segments, which include as follows:
GLOBAL BIO-BASED POLYPROPYLENE IN MEDICAL DEVICES MARKET KEY PLAYERS
- Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- SABIC
- Borealis AG
- LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V.
- Braskem
- Total S.A.
- Danimer Scientific
- FKuR Kunststoff GmbH
- GREENMANTRA
- Avient Corporation
GLOBAL BIO-BASED POLYPROPYLENE IN MEDICAL DEVICES MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
- Starch
- Sugars
- Lignocellulosic Biomass
- Others
GLOBAL BIO-BASED POLYPROPYLENE IN MEDICAL DEVICES MARKET, BY APPLICATION
- Surgery Sutures
- Heart Valve Structures
- Surgical Mesh
- Others
GLOBAL BIO-BASED POLYPROPYLENE IN MEDICAL DEVICES MARKET, BY REGION
- North America
- The U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- United Kingdom
- Russia
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Poland
- Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific
- India
- China
- South Korea
- Japan
- Australia
- Thailand
- Indonesia
- Philippines
- Rest of APAC
- Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Argentina
- Colombia
- Rest of LATAM
- The Middle East and Africa
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- Israel
- Turkey
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Rest of MEA
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Overview
1.1. Study Scope
1.2. Market Estimation Years
2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Snippet
2.1.1. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Snippet by Product Type
2.1.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Snippet by Application
2.1.3. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Snippet by Country
2.1.4. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Snippet by Region
2.2. Competitive Insights
3. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Market Trends
3.1. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Drivers
3.1.1. Impact Analysis of Market Drivers
3.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Restraints
3.2.1. Impact Analysis of Market Restraints
3.3. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Opportunities
3.4. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Future Trends
4. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Industry Study
4.1. PEST Analysis
4.2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.3. Growth Prospect Mapping
4.4. Regulatory Framework Analysis
5. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market: COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5.1. Pre-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5.2. Post-COVID-19 Impact Analysis
5.2.1. Top Performing Segments
5.2.2. Marginal Growth Segments
5.2.3. Top Looser Segments
5.2.4. Marginal Loss Segments
6. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Landscape
6.1. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market Share Analysis, 2022
6.2. Breakdown Data, by Key Manufacturer
6.2.1. Established Players’ Analysis
6.2.2. Emerging Players’ Analysis
7. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market – By Product Type
7.1. Overview
7.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Product Type, 2022 & 2030 (%)
7.1.2. Starch
7.1.3. Sugars
7.1.4. Lignocellulosic Biomass
7.1.5. Others
8. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market – By Application
8.1. Overview
8.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Application, 2022 & 2030 (%)
8.1.2. Surgery Sutures
8.1.3. Heart Valve Structures
8.1.4. Surgical Mesh
8.1.5. Others
9. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Market– By Geography
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Segment Share Analysis, By Geography, 2022 & 2030 (%)
9.2. North America
9.2.1. Overview
9.2.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Manufacturers in North America
9.2.3. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.4. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.5. North America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.6. U.S.
9.2.6.1. Overview
9.2.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.2.6.3. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.6.4. U.S. Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.7. Canada
9.2.7.1. Overview
9.2.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.2.7.3. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.2.7.4. Canada Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3. Europe
9.3.1. Overview
9.3.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Manufacturers in Europe
9.3.3. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.4. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.5. Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.6. Germany
9.3.6.1. Overview
9.3.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.6.3. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.6.4. Germany Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.7. Italy
9.3.7.1. Overview
9.3.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.7.3. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.7.4. Italy Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.8. United Kingdom
9.3.8.1. Overview
9.3.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.8.3. United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.8.4. United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.9. France
9.3.9.1. Overview
9.3.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.9.3. France Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.9.4. France Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.10. Russia
9.3.10.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.10.2. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.10.3. Russia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.11. Netherlands
9.3.11.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.11.2. Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.11.3. Netherlands Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.12. Sweden
9.3.12.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.12.2. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.12.3. Sweden Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.13. Poland
9.3.13.1. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.13.2. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.13.3. Poland Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.14. Rest of Europe
9.3.14.1. Overview
9.3.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.3.14.3. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.3.14.4. Rest of the Europe Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4. Asia Pacific (APAC)
9.4.1. Overview
9.4.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Manufacturers in Asia Pacific
9.4.3. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.4. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.5. Asia Pacific Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.6. India
9.4.6.1. Overview
9.4.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.6.3. India Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.6.4. India Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.7. China
9.4.7.1. Overview
9.4.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.7.3. China Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.7.4. China Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.8. Japan
9.4.8.1. Overview
9.4.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.8.3. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.8.4. Japan Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.9. South Korea
9.4.9.1. Overview
9.4.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.9.3. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.9.4. South Korea Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.10. Australia
9.4.10.1. Overview
9.4.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.10.3. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.10.4. Australia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.11. Thailand
9.4.11.1. Overview
9.4.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.11.3. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.11.4. Thailand Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.12. Indonesia
9.4.12.1. Overview
9.4.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.12.3. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.12.4. Indonesia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.13. Philippines
9.4.13.1. Overview
9.4.13.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.13.3. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.13.4. Philippines Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.14. Rest of APAC
9.4.14.1. Overview
9.4.14.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.4.14.3. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.4.14.4. Rest of APAC Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5. Latin America
9.5.1. Overview
9.5.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Manufacturers in Latin America
9.5.3. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.4. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.5. Latin America Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.6. Brazil
9.5.6.1. Overview
9.5.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.5.6.3. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.6.4. Brazil Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.7. Mexico
9.5.7.1. Overview
9.5.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.5.7.3. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.7.4. Mexico Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.8. Argentina
9.5.8.1. Overview
9.5.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.5.8.3. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.8.4. Argentina Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.9. Colombia
9.5.9.1. Overview
9.5.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.5.9.3. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.9.4. Colombia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.10. Rest of LATAM
9.5.10.1. Overview
9.5.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.5.10.3. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.5.10.4. Rest of LATAM Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6. Middle East and Africa
9.6.1. Overview
9.6.2. Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Key Manufacturers in Middle East and Africa
9.6.3. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Country, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.4. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.5. Middle East and Africa Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.6. Saudi Arabia
9.6.6.1. Overview
9.6.6.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.6.3. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.6.4. Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.7. United Arab Emirates
9.6.7.1. Overview
9.6.7.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.7.3. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.7.4. United Arab Emirates Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.8. Israel
9.6.8.1. Overview
9.6.8.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.8.3. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.8.4. Israel Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.9. Turkey
9.6.9.1. Overview
9.6.9.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.9.3. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.9.4. Turkey Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.10. Algeria
9.6.10.1. Overview
9.6.10.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.10.3. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.10.4. Algeria Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.11. Egypt
9.6.11.1. Overview
9.6.11.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.11.3. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.11.4. Egypt Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.12. Rest of MEA
9.6.12.1. Overview
9.6.12.2. Market Analysis, Forecast, and Y-O-Y Growth Rate, 2018 - 2030, (US$ Million)
9.6.12.3. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Product Type, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
9.6.12.4. Rest of MEA Market Size and Forecast, By Application, 2018 - 2030 (US$ Million)
10. Key Vendor Analysis- Bio-based Polypropylene In Medical Devices Industry
10.1. Competitive Dashboard
10.2. Company Profiles
10.2.1. Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
10.2.2. SABIC
10.2.3. Borealis AG
10.2.4. LyondellBasell Industries Holdings B.V.
10.2.5. Braskem
10.2.6. Total S.A.
10.2.7. Danimer Scientific
10.2.8. FKuR Kunststoff GmbH
10.2.9. GREENMANTRA
10.2.10. Avient Corporation
11. 360 Degree Analyst View
12. Appendix
12.1. Research Methodology
12.2. References
12.3. Abbreviations
12.4. Disclaimer
12.5. Contact Us
